创建和删除快捷方式主要是Launcher完成的，我们只是把快捷方式的名称、图标、关联的activity信息传递给Launcher而已。
我们构造好了Intent信息后，将其以广播的方式发送出去，Launcher会帮忙完成创建、删除，并且会弹出一个Toast。
1.下面是系统中Launcher的Manifest文件。从中可以看到它定义了创建和删除快捷方式的permission，因此我们必须在自己的应用中声明权限才行。
com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT 创建权限
com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT 删除权限
2.创建和删除快捷方式的广播为InstallShortcutReceiver 和 UninstallShortcutReceiver。
3.Launcher为我们提供了ContentProvider LauncherProvider，我们可以通过查看它来获取已经存在的快捷方式的信息 。
这个也是要有permission（com.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS） 。
Launcher的manifest文件
< manifest
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.android.launcher">
<original-package android:name="com.android.launcher2" /> <permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT" android:permissionGroup="android.permission-group.SYSTEM_TOOLS" android:protectionLevel="normal" android:label="@string/permlab_install_shortcut" android:description="@string/permdesc_install_shortcut" /> <permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT" android:permissionGroup="android.permission-group.SYSTEM_TOOLS" android:protectionLevel="normal" android:label="@string/permlab_uninstall_shortcut" android:description="@string/permdesc_uninstall_shortcut"/> <permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" android:permissionGroup="android.permission-group.SYSTEM_TOOLS" android:protectionLevel="normal" android:label="@string/permlab_read_settings" android:description="@string/permdesc_read_settings"/> <permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" android:permissionGroup="android.permission-group.SYSTEM_TOOLS" android:protectionLevel="normal" android:label="@string/permlab_write_settings" android:description="@string/permdesc_write_settings"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BIND_APPWIDGET" /> <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" /> <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" /> <application android:name="com.android.launcher2.LauncherApplication" android:label="@string/application_name" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher_home" android:hardwareAccelerated="@bool/config_hardwareAccelerated" android:largeHeap="@bool/config_largeHeap"> <activity android:name="com.android.launcher2.Launcher" android:launchMode="singleTask" android:clearTaskOnLaunch="true" android:stateNotNeeded="true" android:theme="@style/Theme" android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustPan" android:screenOrientation="nosensor"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.HOME" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.MONKEY"/> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name="com.android.launcher2.WallpaperChooser" style="@style/Theme.WallpaperPicker" android:label="@string/pick_wallpaper" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher_wallpaper" android:finishOnCloseSystemDialogs="true" android:process=":wallpaper_chooser"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.SET_WALLPAPER" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </intent-filter> <meta-data android:name="android.wallpaper.preview" android:resource="@xml/wallpaper_picker_preview" /> </activity> <activity android:name="com.android.launcher2.RocketLauncher" android:label="@string/dream_name" android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Black.NoTitleBar.Fullscreen"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DREAM" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <!-- Intent received used to install shortcuts from other applications --> <receiver android:name="com.android.launcher2.InstallShortcutReceiver" android:permission="com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT" /> </intent-filter> </receiver> <!-- Intent received used to uninstall shortcuts from other applications --> <receiver android:name="com.android.launcher2.UninstallShortcutReceiver" android:permission="com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.android.launcher.action.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT" /> </intent-filter> </receiver> <!-- The settings provider contains Home's data, like the workspace favorites --> <provider android:name="com.android.launcher2.LauncherProvider" android:authorities="com.android.launcher2.settings" android:writePermission="com.android.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" android:readPermission="com.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" /> </application></manifest>
4.Launcher的表创建如下
CREATE TABLE favorites ( _id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, title TEXT, intent TEXT, container INTEGER, screen INTEGER, cellX INTEGER, cellY INTEGER, spanX INTEGER, spanY INTEGER, itemType INTEGER, appWidgetId INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT - 1, isShortcut INTEGER, iconType INTEGER, iconPackage TEXT, iconResource TEXT, icon BLOB, uri TEXT, displayMode INTEGER
);
下面是一个实例程序。
源码：
1 package com.test.shortcuts; 2 3 import android.app.Activity; 4 import android.content.ContentResolver; 5 import android.content.Intent; 6 import android.database.Cursor; 7 import android.net.Uri; 8 import android.os.Build; 9 import android.os.Bundle; 10 import android.os.Parcelable; 11 import android.view.View; 12 import android.widget.Button; 13 import android.widget.Toast; 14 15 public class ShortcutsActivity extends Activity { 16 private static final String EXTRA_DATA = "extra_data"; 17 @Override 18 public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 19 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 20 setContentView(R.layout.main); 21 Button createBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_create); 22 createBtn.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() { 23 24 @Override 25 public void onClick(View v) { 26 createShortcut(); 27 } 28 }); 29 Button deleteBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_delete); 30 deleteBtn.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() { 31 32 @Override 33 public void onClick(View v) { 34 deleteShortcut(); 35 } 36 37 }); 38 } 39 /** 40 * 删除快捷方式 41 */ 42 private void deleteShortcut() { 43 Intent shortcutIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN); 44 shortcutIntent.setClassName( this, this.getClass().getName()); 45 46 Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.launcher.action.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT"); 47 intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME, getString(R.string.app_name)); 48 intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, shortcutIntent); 49 sendBroadcast(intent); 50 } 51 /** 52 * 创建快捷方式 53 */ 54 private void createShortcut() { 55 if(hasShortcut()){ 56 Toast.makeText( this, "快捷方式已經存在", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 57 return; 58 } 59 // 启动可以Activity的Intent 60 Intent shortcutIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN); 61 shortcutIntent.setClassName( this, this.getClass().getName()); 62 shortcutIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, "SHORTCUT"); 63 64 // 创建快捷方式的Intent 65 Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT"); 66 intent.putExtra("duplicate", false); 67 intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, shortcutIntent); 68 intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME, getString(R.string.app_name)); 69 Parcelable iconRes = Intent.ShortcutIconResource.fromContext( this, R.drawable.ic_launcher); 70 intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_ICON_RESOURCE, iconRes); 71 // 发送广播 72 sendBroadcast(intent); 73 } 74 /** 75 * 根据 title 判断快捷方式是否存在 76 * @return 77 */ 78 private boolean hasShortcut() { 79 String url; 80 if(getSystemVersion() < 8){ 81 url = "content://com.android.launcher.settings/favorites?notify=true"; 82 } else{ 83 url = "content://com.android.launcher2.settings/favorites?notify=true"; 84 } 85 86 ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver(); 87 Cursor cursor = resolver.query(Uri.parse(url), new String[]{"title","iconResource"}, 88 "title=?", new String[]{getString(R.string.app_name)}, null); 89 if(cursor != null && cursor.getCount() > 0){ 90 return true; 91 } 92 return false; 93 } 94 /** 95 * 获取系统的SDK版本号 96 * @return 97 */ 98 private int getSystemVersion(){ 99 return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT; 100 }
101 }
manifest文件
1 <? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 2 < manifest xmlns:android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 3 package ="com.test.shortcuts" 4 android:versionCode ="1" 5 android:versionName ="1.0" > 6 7 < uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion ="10" /> 8 < uses-permission android:name ="com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT" /> 9 < uses-permission android:name ="com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT" /> 10 < uses-permission android:name ="com.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" /> 11 12 < application 13 android:icon ="@drawable/ic_launcher" 14 android:label ="@string/app_name" > 15 < activity 16 android:label ="@string/app_name" 17 android:name =".ShortcutsActivity" > 18 < intent-filter > 19 < action android:name ="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> 20 21 < category android:name ="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> 22 </ intent-filter > 23 </ activity > 24 </ application > 25
26 </manifest>